2013年6月28日 星期五

洗腎動靜脈廔管不順: 我們可以通過多彎曲的血管(II)

洗腎廔管的處理真的是種成績怪異的手術
時常明明通的很順利
偏偏洗了一次就又塞住了
有的明明很難通
好像不太理想
病人卻洗得不亦樂乎大讚神奇

這個患者因為隔壁床洗腎的患者來我們這裡通血管後洗得很不錯
就介紹這個患者來給我看看
因為每一次洗腎都會聽到洗腎機器嗶嗶叫
猜想他的廔管應該快要塞掉了
可是硬是沒有塞住
死撐活稱又多撐了半年一年才在洗腎室小姐再三催促下才不情願地來通血管
血管攝影一照老是會讓我們非常好奇
這樣的廔管怎麼可能還可以洗腎無礙?????

A.從動脈扎針口放入血管攝影鞘管可以見到靜脈扎針口已經變成
假性動脈瘤的狀態
可是無礙於平常洗腎

 B. 靜脈流出道主要是走在頭臂靜脈

 C. 奇怪的是頭臂靜脈在上臂一半的地方變成嚴重狹窄
主幹靜脈似乎已經塞掉了
靠這不知名的側枝循環靜脈回到近端上臂的頭臂靜脈主幹以及
一條小小的側枝循環靜脈回到腋下靜脈

 D. 沒花多少時間就將泥鰍導絲送進主幹靜脈中
     準備開始做氣球擴張


E. 小心的撐開氣球不要造成血管爆裂


 
F. 完成後再做一次血管攝影
可以看到還不算太好的地方
使用大一點的氣球在做幾次的氣球擴大

G.做靠近腋下靜脈的血管攝影

H. 做前臂人工血管動脈接口端的檢查
     沒有狹窄


開完刀我交代病人至少半年還要再來做一次廔管攝影
如果突然塞住了
我會建議不要再做氣球擴張
直接做血管繞道
使用人工血管直接繞開彎曲狹窄的部位
病人一派輕鬆地說
知道啦知道啦
有問題我自然還會再來門診啦!
?????
我哩咧!

2013年6月19日 星期三

不使用人工血管絕妙的使用側枝循環靜脈作為阻塞廔管新的靜脈流出道的轉位手術

每次在門診看到洗腎廔管的怪異病例總會讓我興奮異常
比一個禮拜開四五台自費五六萬元的雷射顯微靜脈曲張手術還令人高興

這個患者使用左手遠端前臂的自體廔管洗腎才不到一年
就因為靜脈端的壓力上升轉來我的門診
原來的頭臂靜脈在肘前完全阻塞了
卻有一條頗大的側枝循環血管將血流導引至基底靜脈然後回流至手肘上的基底靜脈

偏偏手肘部位的基底靜脈偏小
造成病人用來作為靜脈扎針口的基底靜脈一直有靜脈端壓力太高的困擾
我在門診第一個感覺是我應該可以將基底靜脈做氣球擴張讓這個側枝循環的血流
有比較好的靜脈流出道
 
就算解決病人靜脈扎針口靜脈端壓力過高的問題
可是我再仔細觀看觸摸病人的廔管
發現其實病人的側枝循環血管連接到基底靜脈處實在彎曲狹小
恐怕不只是將肘基底靜脈用氣球撐開撐大
就可以完全解決病人問題

我開始計畫第二種方案
我想有沒有可能使用自體的靜脈做過肘的靜脈流出道繞道手術
直接將側枝循環靜脈拿下足夠長的靜脈段
將他轉向往手肘上吻合到基底靜脈或者深層肱靜脈上
 
徹底解決病人這條洗腎廔管靜脈流出道狹窄的問題

經過跟病人與家屬的溝通
他們同意我的第二個決定
我立刻讓病人門診結束到開刀房
在使用超音波確定病人的手肘上深層肱靜脈比基底靜脈還大了三毫米之後
將病人手肘前有些彎曲的側枝循環靜脈分離出約八九公分長的長度
讓他轉而向上接到手肘上的深層肱靜脈上


完成後的前臂洗腎廔管震顫音變強尾音明顯拉長許多
整個廔管馬上擁有跟原來有正常正中肘靜脈的廔管一樣
有寬大沒有狹窄的靜脈流出道可以引流動脈來的強勁血流

希望這樣的改道手術可以比反覆做肘基底靜脈的氣球擴張手術來得持久好用

後記:
病人一個禮拜後回來準備拆線


已經可以正常地使用血管
再也不用扎在那一個雖然很大一坨可是卻阻力很大的前臂基底靜脈瘤上了
現在就是在觀察這樣的處理血管是否可以達到多久的暢通性了

2013年6月9日 星期日

另一種植入式中央靜脈注射埠 port A --Arm Port ( 一 )

醫院的植入式中央靜脈注射埠port A ( Port-A-cath ) 是個大宗的業務
這個小小的東西一般用來提供病人化療藥物注射, 國外還可以用來給需要長期治療的病人
例如感染性心內膜炎需點滴注射抗生素四至六週以上
短腸症的病人需長期使用靜脈營養可能要一輩子每天打針
用來注射抗生素抗病毒藥劑營養針甚至輸血都很方便
特殊的型號的port 還可以拿來注射顯影劑
當然最多的還是用來做化療

以前別科還會會診心臟外科作這個小手術的時候
一個月總有超過五十個病人接受這個手術
也代表每個月我們醫院可能出現了超過五十位新的癌症患者
實在令人心驚
裡面有新發現的鼻煙癌, 乳癌, 血癌, 淋巴癌, 食道癌,  肺癌或者術後復發轉移的各式癌症
或者開完刀嚴重淋巴轉移可能開刀無法確保完全乾淨的的的胃癌, 大腸癌,肝癌, 胰臟癌, 腦癌,
骨癌, 子宮內膜癌, 卵巢癌...
所以光是幫這些滿臉愁思的病人及家屬做妥善的術前術後講解各種化療用的管路選擇的優缺點
實在是個痛苦差事
...

一般常見的化學治療注射管路有兩種
一種是植入式的一種是外露式的
植入式就是一般簡稱為 port A 的注射埠
外露式的就是PICC 從周邊插入的中央靜脈管一般指手肘上下擺進上腔靜脈中的化療注射管

有一條細細的注射接頭露在皮膚外面
使用時不需以特殊針頭扎進皮膚中
只需將點滴頭接在注射接頭上就可以了
病人省掉每次扎針的疼痛感也不用擔心點滴液外漏在皮下或者管路斷裂氣體栓塞等等併發症
可是外露式的PICC 由於需要患者每日自行照顧管路消毒以及防止洗澡濺濕傷口等麻煩事
在我們醫院不太受到患者以及醫師歡迎
有一陣子幾乎病人全部選擇放在鎖骨下或者說前胸的chest port


大約從2009年開始
美國一些醫學中心開始嘗試使用可以埋在上臂或者手肘附近比傳統port A 小了一半的
植入式port

簡稱為arm port
當然在做這類的建議給病人時他們會自行詢問其他病友的意見
這是其中一個癌友支持團體的問答
Q: ( 化療護士及醫師請她決定要擺在胸口或者手臂...)
I have to get a port put in this week. I assumed I would get it in the chest. However my chemo nurse said that some of her patients have recently had one put in their uppper arm. In the arim has to be done my a surgeon. Anyone have this type and what's your opinion of it. I need to make up my mind this week and have it put in since they are holding up my avastin a few weeks so it can heal up. Thanks,
A1: ( 擺在手臂, 萬分喜愛, 大寫 )
I've had mine in my upper arm now for years and LOVE IT!! It's much more comfortable than in the chest, it is much more easily accessible, and all of the nurses at my Onc's office absolutely LOVE IT!! They love it, I believe, because it ALWAYS works, and it is SO MUCH more easily accessible. This is the "new way" of implanting ports (I participated in a clinical trial of putting them in the upper arm when I had mine done) and even though I travel about 2 1/2 hours to get my Onc's office, they are now referring their patients to here to have their port put into their upper arm.

It is maybe 2" below my shoulder, slightly more toward the inner part of the arm. It connects into my jugular vein in the neck and then down from there.

I VERY HIGHLY recommend it!
A2: ( 想要在手臂不要在前胸影響胸罩背帶, 可是外科還是擺在前胸, 嗚)
I would much rather have mine in my arm. They can make that a powerport - then they can use it for scans that they can't use a regular port for. Also - my chest port is right where my bra strap would lie so I haven't been able to wear a bra since I had it put in. I say...arm all the way! BY the way - a surg. put my chest port in with twilight anesthesia.
A3: ( 病人放arm port的一場悲劇...)
I had mine placed just below the elbow and I loved it as well....couldnt even really see it...I was very well pleased....However, one day I lifted my 30 lb daughter and the catheter that goes up your arm to the heart, got ripped out of my heart and wound down in my arm...kinda painful and immediate surgery to remove it....This surgeon is awesome and he said he has placed thousands....He does lots of kids/teens with cancer and they lift weights, play baseball etc and he has never seen this happen....I believe him but no more ports there for me....So he put a power port back in my opposite chest...1st on was on rt, then rt arm now left chest *cancer side*.....so now i have some mild lymphadema in that arm....so wished it had worked in my arm....I really loved it and felt so less invaded, having drugs going thru arm not chest....but my new one works the best of all so am thankful for that. I would go for it....
A4: ( 病人擺了arm port, 擔心影響健身房運動..)
I had a Bard Powerport placed in my left inside upper arm in October and have been very happy with it. It's much smaller than the traditional chest port and the scar is usually not visible as it's on the inside of my arm.

As I was being wheeled into the operating room, the nurse told me I could never lift more than 10 lbs with that arm. I told her I was very active and she said "you gotta roll with the punches!" Now that I'm working out again, I called Bard to find out exactly what I can and cannot do. They were very conservative and advised against lifting any kind of weight over 5 lbs, doing yoga poses that put weight on the arm, and doing any kind of repetitive arm movements. As you can imagine, I was not happy as that would rule out many if not all forms of exercise. I spoke with my oncologist and he, like I, believe that they were being overly cautious. At the same time, we've heard from momX4TNBC that dislodged her catheter by lifting her daughter (30 lbs). The folks from Bard warned of dislodging the catheter and/or causing a blood clot from the catheter moving up and down inside the vein with repetitive movements.

I have begun exercising again and do modify certain activities. One day in a gym class, we did many biceps curls and my arm was a little sore right where the catheter might be.

So, overall, I'm very happy with my arm port but would speak with your doctor concerning lifting (lbs) and exercise. This is a risk with every procedure we endure. For me, not having to look at another scar everytime i look in the mirror was important. I'll continue to be gentle with my arm port and hope it continues to be good to me :)

大體上可以嗅出 親身經歷的病人覺得arm port 的好處是
1. 傷口小幾乎看不到疤痕
2. 不影響胸罩背帶穿著造成不舒服
3. 打針容易打
4. 注射藥劑時心理壓力比較小...
壞處就是
1. 可能不能提重物包括一把抓起三十磅重的小女兒
2. 可能會斷裂管路溜進心臟
3. 影響愛好運動者的選擇項目...

所以同樣的
在我們正式申請開始做這個擺在手臂的化療注射埠arm port
我們的考慮是
1. 會不會跟PICC 一樣增加血栓靜脈炎的機會
2. 會不會管路容易阻塞感染或者造成皮膚張力過大容易磨破皮膚或者造成穿著衣物的不便
3. 會不會因為管路小藥劑注射時的幫浦壓力很大, 機器會時常叫
4. 其他醫學中心的經驗呢??和信???還是國外大型癌症中心????

...( 待續)